Antibodies...

...No, in this blog, I don't mean CS scammers. God bless their hearts.
Also called immune globulin's, the humoural adaptive immune system, and other names, in humans and most higher mammals, these interesting molecules, forming about a half dozen major classes, are formed by liver/lymphatic tissues, from two pairs of nearly identical subcomponents. Covalently bonded.
But in the alpacas, lamas, and other such animals, (Dromedaries?), it seems their antibodies are formed from only one protein chain. WTF?
There may be adaptive biological defensive benefits to this strikingly different arrangement. Perhaps more than mere economies of biochemistry. And immune systems do vary a good deal in other classes of animals, some allegedly having only more simple innate systems, that do not learn and remember previous invaders, for more rapid secondary exposure protection. As in our awesome adaptive systems. Sharks and cousins don't seem the worse for it.
So what? Well, everyone and her grandmother are furiously at work trying to develop a vaccine against C-19. Researches in beautiful, value wine country, optical telescope heaven, former Commie, hottie laden Chile,--- are at work using these much more simple biochemical moieties for such. This is now a third approach to vaccine development. To be added to traditional approaches, using RNA and usual lab immunology.
Science rocks. An international lab where one of our talented and beautiful twins works as a paid, VERY paid,research intern, is on the front line here. Plum beyond my half century old edumacation.
Speaking of talented teachers, she's now one of mine. I met a few of her US public school STEM and Language teachers, and some were first class. Helped her and sis to Valedictorian status.
Appele falle ikke langst fra stemme. Modesty is also one of my better talents.