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The 55 white businessmen who signed the constitution of the newly formed United States had some central ideas about what type of government would be the 'rule of law' after England and King George were eradicated from power. These basic tenets still guide the public policies and processes for all American citizens.
1. Popular Sovereignty: The idea that the people hold the power in decisions made by government officials. The power of the government comes from the consent of the people and serve solely to serve the people.
2. Limited Government: The Founders specifically restricted the power of the elected officials and allowed for changes to the law over time as the people saw fit. The original Articles of Confederation were unable to manage federal policies and processes and were changed in 1789 to allow the federal government to manage foreign trade; create a common money system; create a military for international safety; and bring unity among the thirteen original states.
3. Separation of Powers: The Constitution created three equal branches of government who would have specific roles within the government that specifically designated roles to each branch. This concept that the government could only be run with a shared power across the Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches, was a unique idea that was in direct opposition to the authority of one king or president.
4. Checks and Balances: The Founders specifically gave the authority to challenge the decisions made in the other two branches. These checks would ensure that a thoughtful and consistent balance of power that prevented any one branch from becoming too powerful.
5. Judicial Review: The Founders established the power of the federal court system to challenge laws established by Congress and enforced by the Executive branch.
6. Federalism: The founders established limited power for the federal government that ensured that states, local government and the people retained the vast majority of power.
Given the establishment of the Constitution and subsequent Bill of Rights - Were the Founders Liberal or Conservative?