Done that at 17 one summer. It was really cool. We started from my home town, Marseilles, and went through Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg Holland, Belgium and back south to France.
As far as advice, just have plenty of cash for trains, bring a good map ( we have GPS nowadays, though) Someone who knows how to navigate and speak more then just English and the other usuals ( good boots, water, blah blah )
Now that was 1987, I don't know what the experience will be nowadays, I mean a lot, but a lot of Europeans harbor negative attitudes toward Americans so you might bring someone who speaks fluent French without an accent, like....Me!
I know it sounds cheesy, but there are even a lot of Americans who sew a Canada flag on their backpack and receive a warm welcome.
Next, find yourself a travelling through Europe phrasebook. The type that show you the expression as well as the phonetics for the more basic of requests and help.
Bring yourself a roll of toilet paper everywhere. There are many places without provisions.
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