For economists, the economic success of capitalism creates something of a puzzle. When combined with a relatively small government, capitalism is a well-established ticket to improved standards of living. Yet many countries resist. Why?
A flurry of research has shed new light on the question. The fascinating implication of the latest findings is that preexisting social attitudes toward luck may be the crucial determinant of the political path of a society.
The nearby chart is taken from a widely discussed paper by economists Alberto Alesina, Edward Glaeser, and Bruce Sacerdote. The investigators set out to discover why the U.S. does not have a large welfare state (at least compared with Europe) and uncovered a striking difference between Americans and Europeans. If you ask Americans whether the poor are lazy, 60 percent say yes. If you ask Europeans, only 26 percent say yes.
Consider now a striking pattern that is visible in the chart. The authors found that large welfare states emerge in countries where citizens generally believe that luck determines income. If bad behavior (or laziness) is viewed as a source of poverty, then the welfare state is small. America has avoided the fate of Europe because its citizens disproportionately believe that luck is not that important a determinant of one's circumstances, but hard work is.
This might come as a relief to conservative Americans, who are ever fearful that the Left will succeed in imposing its version of a European welfare state. If Americans are predisposed to believe that high incomes are generally merited, then they will be resistant to change, even if sold by a charismatic salesman like Barack Obama.
A related study by Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch has found that rampant corruption tends to precede big national swings to the left. This link is itself related to the picture that emerges from the chart. When capitalists succeed because of bribes and corruption, citizens become less convinced that the income distribution reflects merit, and more willing to redistribute.
Recent corporate scandals, and the shameful behavior of the Republican Congress, set the stage for a left-wing backlash that was fully consistent with the historical precedent. It takes more than luck to maintain a free society. If we are to avoid acquiring a welfare state the size of Europe's, we must be vigilant defenders of the rule of law and merciless punishers of the corrupt among us.
lusciousmile: I think it's a combination, of both opportunity and hard work.What could be better, than to have them both? I think, i need to work a little bit harder, if i want to be rich by 30.
Good answer...
I've heard different descriptions: Luck equals effort plus opportunity. But then making one self available to opportunities could be a key too.
Slightly off the OP.. but just a comment as I had this discussion with a collegue this evening.. who leans more to the right and is politically connected.. I lean more to the left..
Capitalism has its merits which can't be denied.. when wealth is generated by private industry and development and construction are at their peak, the benefit of that wealth DOES trickle down, it does tend to create jobs and and increase in state revenue which is at the disposal of the state to benefit public services, which in turn facilitate growth and so on.. HOWEVER.... this on its own falls short of what society needs.. for e.g. there will always be a portion of society who for whatever reason are non-productive, say e.g. mentally ill, disabled, uneducated and unskilled etc.. to ignore the needs of this portion of society brings spells discontent even disaster in the long term... those that fall outside the scope of potential enrichment tend to become entrapped in their circumstances if society does not intervene.. a capitalist government is run by money alone, and in this climate are generally resistent to any increase in tax.. which is fine for the majority but unfortunately if certain social issues are not addressed they will create MORE expenditure in the long term.. for most disadvantaged kids for example.. their future prospects do not extend beyond social welfare and prison.. these COST money folks.... lots of it.. its a bit like saving a dime.. spending a dollar.. it doesn't make sense.. and quite apart from the money issue.... wouldn't we all like to feel a little safer?? this is not going to happen as long as society puts money before people
As for luck.. yes there can be an element of it sure.. but opportunity is sure as hell not going to come knocking on ur door and drag u out of bed
Indyfella: Good answer... I've heard different descriptions: Luck equals effort plus opportunity. But then making one self available to opportunities could be a key too.
To avail oneself to these opportunities, could require certain resources not available.
Yes, luck does equal effort and opportunity, and neither can be fully sufficient without the other. But, hey....Ben affleck has made it, with only one of them.
Are we really comparing small European nations, to the US.? Population alone, can inhibit success.
I think that you have got to be very careful with drawing conclusions from figures like this, for example Europe particularly the Northern countries pay out a lot more than the U.S. to the individual on welfare, so without crunching these numbers this conclusion may be inaccurate.
He points out Denmark but fails to point out Brazil as interesting. I would feel there is a bias here. It would take more careful analysis to prove such a bias but makes interesting reading nonetheless.
Who was it said "Lies, Lies and dammed statistics"
Although an extremely useful tool when dealing with anything, I always feel that we have to be very careful that there is not a spin (Intentional or Unintentional) put on them.
patrickthomas: I think that you have got to be very careful with drawing conclusions from figures like this, for example Europe particularly the Northern countries pay out a lot more than the U.S. to the individual on welfare, so without crunching these numbers this conclusion may be inaccurate.
He points out Denmark but fails to point out Brazil as interesting. I would feel there is a bias here. It would take more careful analysis to prove such a bias but makes interesting reading nonetheless.
Who was it said "Lies, Lies and dammed statistics"
Although an extremely useful tool when dealing with anything, I always feel that we have to be very careful that there is not a spin (Intentional or Unintentional) put on them.
I would agree with you, but then I build in the "spin factor" anytime I read articles from certain organizations. Thanks though. Denmark is interesting. It also helps to explain some things on CS.
Indyfella: For economists, the economic success of capitalism creates something of a puzzle. When combined with a relatively small government, capitalism is a well-established ticket to improved standards of living. Yet many countries resist. Why?
A flurry of research has shed new light on the question. The fascinating implication of the latest findings is that preexisting social attitudes toward luck may be the crucial determinant of the political path of a society.
The nearby chart is taken from a widely discussed paper by economists Alberto Alesina, Edward Glaeser, and Bruce Sacerdote. The investigators set out to discover why the U.S. does not have a large welfare state (at least compared with Europe) and uncovered a striking difference between Americans and Europeans. If you ask Americans whether the poor are lazy, 60 percent say yes. If you ask Europeans, only 26 percent say yes.
Consider now a striking pattern that is visible in the chart. The authors found that large welfare states emerge in countries where citizens generally believe that luck determines income. If bad behavior (or laziness) is viewed as a source of poverty, then the welfare state is small. America has avoided the fate of Europe because its citizens disproportionately believe that luck is not that important a determinant of one's circumstances, but hard work is.
This might come as a relief to conservative Americans, who are ever fearful that the Left will succeed in imposing its version of a European welfare state. If Americans are predisposed to believe that high incomes are generally merited, then they will be resistant to change, even if sold by a charismatic salesman like Barack Obama.
A related study by Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch has found that rampant corruption tends to precede big national swings to the left. This link is itself related to the picture that emerges from the chart. When capitalists succeed because of bribes and corruption, citizens become less convinced that the income distribution reflects merit, and more willing to redistribute.
Recent corporate scandals, and the shameful behavior of the Republican Congress, set the stage for a left-wing backlash that was fully consistent with the historical precedent. It takes more than luck to maintain a free society. If we are to avoid acquiring a welfare state the size of Europe's, we must be vigilant defenders of the rule of law and merciless punishers of the corrupt among us.
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A flurry of research has shed new light on the question. The fascinating implication of the latest findings is that preexisting social attitudes toward luck may be the crucial determinant of the political path of a society.
The nearby chart is taken from a widely discussed paper by economists Alberto Alesina, Edward Glaeser, and Bruce Sacerdote. The investigators set out to discover why the U.S. does not have a large welfare state (at least compared with Europe) and uncovered a striking difference between Americans and Europeans. If you ask Americans whether the poor are lazy, 60 percent say yes. If you ask Europeans, only 26 percent say yes.
Consider now a striking pattern that is visible in the chart. The authors found that large welfare states emerge in countries where citizens generally believe that luck determines income. If bad behavior (or laziness) is viewed as a source of poverty, then the welfare state is small. America has avoided the fate of Europe because its citizens disproportionately believe that luck is not that important a determinant of one's circumstances, but hard work is.
This might come as a relief to conservative Americans, who are ever fearful that the Left will succeed in imposing its version of a European welfare state. If Americans are predisposed to believe that high incomes are generally merited, then they will be resistant to change, even if sold by a charismatic salesman like Barack Obama.
A related study by Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch has found that rampant corruption tends to precede big national swings to the left. This link is itself related to the picture that emerges from the chart. When capitalists succeed because of bribes and corruption, citizens become less convinced that the income distribution reflects merit, and more willing to redistribute.
Recent corporate scandals, and the shameful behavior of the Republican Congress, set the stage for a left-wing backlash that was fully consistent with the historical precedent. It takes more than luck to maintain a free society. If we are to avoid acquiring a welfare state the size of Europe's, we must be vigilant defenders of the rule of law and merciless punishers of the corrupt among us.
Courtesy of AEI
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(This will fall into the CS basement fast.)