In a lot of places a tip is automatically added to the bill it's called a service charge, I avoid places that do this and prefer to tip based on how I am treated.
Ref Wiki In 1961, University of California, Santa Cruz, astronomer and astrophysicist Frank Drake devised the Drake
equation as a way to stimulate scientific dialogue at a meeting on the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy. The equation is best understood not as an equation in the strictly mathematical sense, but to summarize all the various concepts which scientists must contemplate when considering the question of life elsewhere. The Drake equation is:
where: N = the number of Milky Way galaxy civilizations already capable of communicating across interplanetary space
and R* = the average rate of star formation in our galaxy
fp = the fraction of those stars that have planets
ne = the average number of planets that can potentially support life
fl = the fraction of planets that actually support life
fi = the fraction of planets with life that evolves to become intelligent life (civilizations)
fc = the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology to broadcast detectable signs of their existence into space L = the length of time over which such civilizations broadcast detectable signals into space Drake's proposed estimates are as follows, but numbers on the right side of the equation are agreed as speculative and open to substitution:
The Drake equation has proved controversial since several of its factors are uncertain and based on conjecture, not allowing conclusions to be made. This has led critics to label the equation a guesstimate, or even meaningless.
Based on observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, there are between 125 and 250 billion galaxies in the observable universe. It is estimated that at least ten percent of all Sun-like stars have a system of planets, i.e. there are 6.25×1018 stars with planets orbiting them in the observable universe. Even if it is assumed that only one out of a billion of these stars has planets supporting life, there would be some 6.25 billion life-supporting planetary systems in the observable universe.
A 2013 study based on results from the Kepler spacecraft estimated that the Milky Way contains at least as many planets as it does stars, resulting in 100–400 billion exoplanets. Also based on Kepler data, scientists estimate that at least one in six stars has an Earth-sized planet.
The apparent contradiction between high estimates of the probability of the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations and the lack of evidence for such civilizations is known as the Fermi paradox.
Did you miss the thread on English politics, if cs is not for political comments why do they have specific categories for them??? and many other . Whatever happened to freedom of speech?
Tony Blair tried to distance himself from the row about the release of British detainees from Guantanamo Bay by blaming the Conservatives for the compensation payments they received.
The former Labour prime minister responded to critics who have questioned whether Jamal al-Harith should have been released from Guantanamo Bay in 2004.
Al-Harith, a Muslim convert, is believed to have been killed after he detonated a car bomb at an Iraqi army base near Mosul this week.
Christopher Hope, chief political correspondent 22 FEBRUARY 2017 • 10:44PM Tony Blair tried to distance himself from the row about the release of British detainees from Guantanamo Bay by blaming the Conservatives for the compensation payments they received.
The former Labour prime minister responded to critics who have questioned whether Jamal al-Harith should have been released from Guantanamo Bay in 2004.
Al-Harith, a Muslim convert, is believed to have been killed after he detonated a car bomb at an Iraqi army base near Mosul this week.
He was released from the US detention camp in 2004 and successfully claimed £1?million in compensation after saying British agents knew or were complicit in his mistreatment.
Mr Blair said in a statement: “It is correct that Jamal al-Harith was released from Guantanamo Bay at the request of the British Government in 2004.”
Al-Harith was one of 17 British detainees who between them received an estimated £20?million in compensation from the British Government.
Mr Blair pointed out that these sums were announced and paid by the coalition government.
He said: “He was not paid compensation by my government. The compensation was agreed in 2010 by the Conservative government.”
Mr Blair’s claims were criticised by Tory MPs.
Andrew Bridgen said: “It would appear that Mr Blair is attempting to rewrite history and his place in it, but it won’t wash.”
aries1234 Forum Posts (5,672)
RE: Is CS a form of social media?
Does anyone lol